TPLO Surgery in Dogs: When and Why Do Dogs Need This

When a dog starts limping or avoids using one of their back legs, many pet owners fear the worst and for good reason. One of the most common orthopedic injuries in dogs involves the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL), the canine equivalent of the ACL in humans. A torn CCL can lead to pain, instability, and long-term joint damage if left untreated. One of the most effective treatment options for this condition is TPLO surgery in dogs, a specialized orthopedic procedure that can restore comfort and mobility. Below, we’ll walk through what TPLO surgery in dogs involves, why it’s often recommended, when it’s needed, and how recovery works. If your dog has been diagnosed with a torn CCL or is showing signs of lameness, this information can help you feel more confident about what to expect next.

 

 

What Is TPLO Surgery in Dogs?

TPLO, or Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy, is an advanced surgical procedure designed to stabilize the knee joint after a dog experiences a rupture or tear of the cranial cruciate ligament. Unlike some procedures that attempt to replace the damaged ligament, TPLO changes the biomechanics of the knee itself.

How TPLO Surgery Works

The surgeon reshapes the top portion of the tibia (the shin bone) to level the slope of the tibial plateau. Once the bone is cut and repositioned, it’s stabilized with a metal plate and screws. By leveling this slope, the knee joint no longer requires the CCL to remain stable when the dog bears weight. This allows dogs to regain function and significantly reduces their pain.

Why TPLO Is So Widely Used

TPLO surgery in dogs is widely regarded as one of the most effective and reliable treatments for a torn CCL, especially in active or large-breed dogs. It allows for quicker recovery times and a more stable joint post-healing compared to other surgical options.

Signs That a Dog May Need TPLO Surgery

Not all dogs with knee injuries will need TPLO surgery, but some signs may indicate that this procedure is likely to be recommended:

• Sudden or ongoing hind leg lameness
• Stiffness, especially after exercise or rest
• Difficulty standing up or climbing stairs
• Swelling or thickening around the knee
• Reluctance to play or go for walks

If your dog is showing any of these signs, it’s important to have them evaluated by a veterinary professional. Diagnostic imaging, physical exams, and orthopedic evaluations can help confirm whether TPLO surgery in dogs is appropriate.

Why Do Dogs Need TPLO Surgery?

TPLO surgery in dogs is usually recommended when the CCL is completely torn or when other treatment options, such as conservative management or different surgical techniques, are unlikely to provide long-term stability or relief.

Dogs That Benefit the Most

Large and active breeds tend to put more strain on their joints, making them ideal candidates for TPLO surgery. These dogs often benefit the most from the long-term outcomes this procedure offers. Smaller dogs or older pets may sometimes be managed with alternative methods, but many still undergo TPLO when quality of life and long-term function are a concern.

Long-Term Consequences of Delaying Surgery

If a torn CCL is left untreated or managed conservatively in a dog that truly needs surgical correction, it can lead to:

• Progressive arthritis
• Chronic pain
• Muscle atrophy
• Further damage to the meniscus (a cartilage structure in the knee)

TPLO surgery helps avoid these complications by stabilizing the joint and allowing the dog to return to normal activities.

The TPLO Surgery Process: What to Expect

TPLO surgery in dogs is a major procedure, but veterinary teams take every step to ensure a smooth experience for pets and their owners.

Pre-Surgical Evaluation

Before scheduling TPLO surgery, your veterinary team will conduct:

• A thorough physical examination
• Orthopedic evaluation of the knee
• X-rays to assess joint structure
• Bloodwork to ensure your dog is healthy enough for anesthesia

The Surgery Itself

The surgical procedure is typically performed by an experienced veterinary surgeon or one with advanced orthopedic training. It usually takes 1–2 hours and is done under general anesthesia. During surgery:

• The tibia is cut and rotated to flatten the slope of the joint
• A metal plate and screws are used to secure the new position
• The incision is closed, and your dog is monitored during recovery

Post-Operative Recovery After TPLO Surgery in Dogs

A successful outcome depends heavily on the recovery process. Pet owners play a vital role in helping their dog heal safely.

Initial Recovery Phase (First 2 Weeks)

• Strict crate rest or confined activity
• Short leash walks for bathroom breaks only
• Pain medications and anti-inflammatories prescribed
• Monitoring the incision for signs of swelling, redness, or discharge

Intermediate Recovery (Weeks 3–8)

• Gradual increase in controlled activity
• Physical rehabilitation may begin, including passive range-of-motion exercises
• Progress checks with your veterinary team, including follow-up X-rays

Long-Term Recovery (2–6 Months)

Most dogs regain full function by 4 to 6 months post-surgery. Ongoing at-home exercises, rehab sessions, and weight management all support optimal healing and long-term joint health.

Risks and Benefits of TPLO Surgery in Dogs

As with any surgery, there are risks to consider but the potential benefits often outweigh them for the right candidates.

Benefits

• Improved joint stability
• Reduction in pain and inflammation
• Faster return to normal activity levels
• Lower risk of long-term arthritis compared to other methods

Risks

• Infection at the surgical site
• Implant-related complications
• Delayed healing, especially if post-op instructions aren’t followed
• Potential need for follow-up procedures in rare cases

While no surgery is without risks, TPLO surgery in dogs remains one of the most reliable options for addressing CCL tears and restoring a dog’s mobility.

How to Prepare for a TPLO Consultation

If your dog has been diagnosed with a torn CCL or you’re noticing signs of lameness, scheduling a consultation with an experienced veterinary surgical team is the next best step.

During your appointment at Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Hospital of Prosper and Frisco, you can expect:

• A detailed orthopedic exam
• Review of X-rays or new imaging if needed
• A full explanation of your dog’s condition and surgical options
• Discussion of pre- and post-surgery care

Bringing a list of your dog’s current medications, medical history, and any questions you may have can help make the consultation more productive and reassuring.

Giving Your Dog the Best Chance at a Full Recovery

TPLO surgery in dogs offers a life-changing solution for pets struggling with painful knee injuries. It gives them the best chance at regaining a normal, active life with minimal long-term complications. While the decision to move forward with surgery can feel overwhelming, working with a trusted veterinary surgical team can make the process clear and manageable.

If you suspect your dog may need TPLO surgery or have questions about your options, the team at Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Hospital of Prosper and Frisco is ready to help. We offer advanced orthopedic services and will walk you through every step with care and clarity. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and learn more about how we can support your dog’s journey back to comfort and mobility.